Install Let's Encrypt SSL with Certbot (Apache) on Gentoo Linux

Step 1 – Install

emerge --ask app-crypt/certbot app-crypt/certbot-apache

Step 2 – Obtain and install

certbot --apache -d example.com -d www.example.com

Step 3 – Verify

apachectl configtest && systemctl reload apache2
curl -I...

Install Let's Encrypt SSL with Certbot (Nginx) on Gentoo Linux

Step 1 – Install Certbot + Nginx plugin

emerge --ask app-crypt/certbot app-crypt/certbot-nginx

Step 2 – Obtain certificate

certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com

Certbot modifies Nginx config and optionally redirects...

Install MariaDB on Gentoo Linux

Step 1 – Install and secure

emerge --ask dev-db/mariadb
emerge --config dev-db/mariadb
rc-update add mariadb default && rc-service mariadb start
mysql_secure_installation

Step 2 – Create database and user

CREATE DATABASE appdb CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf...

Install Memcached on Gentoo Linux

Step 1 – Install

emerge --ask net-misc/memcached
rc-update add memcached default && rc-service memcached start

Step 2 – Configure (/etc/conf.d/memcached)

-l 127.0.0.1   # listen on localhost only
-m 256         # memory (MB)
-c 1024        # max connection...

Install ModSecurity WAF on Apache – Gentoo Linux

Step 1 – Install

emerge --ask www-apache/mod_security
rc-service apache2 restart

Step 2 – Enable detection mode

cp /etc/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf-recommended /etc/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf 2>/dev/null || \
   cp /usr/share/doc/libapache2...

Install MySQL on Gentoo Linux

Step 1 – Install and secure

emerge --ask dev-db/mysql
emerge --config dev-db/mysql
rc-update add mysql default && rc-service mysql start
mysql_secure_installation

Step 2 – Connect

mysql -u root -p

Step 3 – Create database and user

CREATE DATABASE appdb CHARA...

Install Nginx on Gentoo Linux

Step 1 – Sync Portage

emerge --sync

Step 2 – Set USE flags

Create /etc/portage/package.use/nginx:

www-servers/nginx http http-cache http2 pcre ssl

Step 3 – Install

emerge --ask www-servers/nginx

Step 4 – Enable (OpenRC)

rc-update add nginx default
rc...

Install Node.js on Gentoo Linux

Step 1 – Install

emerge --ask net-libs/nodejs

Step 2 – Verify

node --version && npm --version

Step 3 – Simple HTTP server

// app.js
const http = require('http');
http.createServer((req, res) => {
  res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
  res....

Install Percona XtraDB Cluster (PXC) on Gentoo Linux

PXC provides synchronous multi-master MySQL replication using the Galera library.

Step 1 – Install

# PXC is primarily packaged for RHEL/Debian.
# On Gentoo Linux, use Percona's binary tarball:
# https://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-Xtra...

Install PHP-FPM on Gentoo Linux

Step 1 – Install

# /etc/portage/make.conf: PHP_TARGETS="php8-2"
# USE="fpm opcache mysql"
emerge --ask dev-lang/php
rc-update add php-fpm default && rc-service php-fpm start

Step 2 – Verify

php --version
php-fpm -v 2>/dev/null || php-fpm8.3 -v 2>/dev/null || p...

Install PostgreSQL on Gentoo Linux

Step 1 – Install

emerge --ask dev-db/postgresql
emerge --config dev-db/postgresql
rc-update add postgresql-14 default && rc-service postgresql-14 start

Step 2 – Connect as superuser

sudo -u postgres psql

Step 3 – Create database and user

CREATE USER app...

Install Prometheus on Gentoo Linux

Step 1 – Install

VERSION=2.51.2
wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v${VERSION}/prometheus-${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvf prometheus-${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp prometheus-${VERSION}.linux-amd64/prometheus /usr/local/bin/...

Install Redis on Gentoo Linux

Step 1 – Install

emerge --ask dev-db/redis
rc-update add redis default && rc-service redis start

Step 2 – Verify

redis-cli ping   # PONG

Step 3 – Bind and password (/etc/redis.conf)

bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
requirepass StrongRedisPass!

Restart, then:

redis-c...

Install Varnish Cache on Gentoo Linux

Step 1 – Install

emerge --ask www-servers/varnish
rc-update add varnish default && rc-service varnish start

Step 2 – Basic /etc/varnish/default.vcl

vcl 4.1;

backend default {
    .host = "127.0.0.1";
    .port = "8080";
    .connect_timeout = 5s;
    ....

Install WordPress on Gentoo Linux (Nginx + PHP-FPM + MySQL)

Prerequisites

• Nginx · PHP-FPM · MySQL

Step 1 – Database

CREATE DATABASE wordpress CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USER 'wpuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'WPStrongPass!';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON word...

Integrate PHP-FPM with Nginx on Gentoo Linux

Prerequisites

PHP-FPM installed and running. See PHP-FPM install guide.

Socket path: /var/run/php-fpm.sock

Step 1 – Nginx server block

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    root /var/www/example.com/html;
    index index.ph...

MariaDB Backup and Restore on Gentoo Linux

mariadb-dump (logical)

mariadb-dump -u root -p appdb > /backups/appdb_$(date +%F).sql
mariadb-dump -u root -p --all-databases --single-transaction > /backups/all_$(date +%F).sql

Restore

mariadb -u root -p appdb < /backups/appdb_2026-05-07.sql

Mari

MariaDB Galera Cluster on Gentoo Linux

Nodes: 192.168.1.10 · 192.168.1.11 · 192.168.1.12

Step 1 – Install Galera on all nodes

# Install mariadb-galera for Gentoo Linux

Step 2 – Configure Node 1 (/etc/mysql/conf.d/galera.cnf)

[mysqld]
binlog_format            = ROW
default-storage-en...

Memcached Distributed Setup on Gentoo Linux

Memcached itself has no cluster mode — distribution is handled by the client using consistent hashing.

Run multiple instances

memcached -d -l 192.168.1.10 -p 11211 -m 512 -t 4 -u memcache
memcached -d -l 192.168.1.11 -p 11211 -m 512 -t 4 -u memcache

Monitor Percona XtraDB Cluster on Gentoo Linux

Key wsrep variables

SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_%';

MySQL Backup and Restore on Gentoo Linux

mysqldump

# Single database
mysqldump -u root -p appdb > /backups/appdb_$(date +%F).sql

# All databases
mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > /backups/all_$(date +%F).sql

# Compressed
mysqldump -u root -p appdb | gzip > /backups/appdb_$(date +%F).sql.g...

MySQL Primary-Replica Replication on Gentoo Linux

Primary: 192.168.1.10   Replica: 192.168.1.11

Primary – my.cnf

[mysqld]
server-id   = 1
log_bin     = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin
binlog_format = ROW
binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 604800

CREATE USER 'replicator'@'192.168.1.11' IDENTIFIED WITH...

Nginx Load Balancing on Gentoo Linux

Round-robin (default)

upstream myapp {
    server 192.168.1.10:8080;
    server 192.168.1.11:8080;
    server 192.168.1.12:8080;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name lb.example.com;
    location / { proxy_pass http://myapp; }
}

Least connections

upst...

Nginx Rate Limiting on Gentoo Linux

Define zones in http block

http {
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api:10m     rate=10r/s;
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=login:10m   rate=5r/m;
}

Apply to locations

location /api/ {
    limit_req zone=api burst=20 nodelay;
    li...