Install Docker on Debian 12

Step 1 – Install

install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$ID")/gpg | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$ID") $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
apt update && apt install -y docker-ce docker-compose-plugin
systemctl enable --now docker

Step 2 – Add user to docker group

usermod -aG docker $USER && newgrp docker

Step 3 – Verify

docker --version
docker run --rm hello-world

Step 4 – Example compose.yml

services:
  web:
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports: ["80:80"]
  db:
    image: mysql:8
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootpass
      MYSQL_DATABASE: appdb
    volumes: [mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql]
volumes:
  mysql_data:

docker compose up -d