Install Gitea on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Create git user and download binary

useradd -r -m -d /home/git -s /bin/bash git
VERSION=1.22.0
wget -O /usr/local/bin/gitea https://dl.gitea.com/gitea/${VERSION}/gitea-${VERSION}-linux-amd64
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gitea

Step 2 – Directories

mkdir -p /v...

Install Grafana on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install

wget -q -O - https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | gpg --dearmor | tee /usr/share/keyrings/grafana.gpg > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/grafana.gpg] https://packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list...

Install HAProxy on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install

apt update && apt upgrade -y
apt install -y haproxy
systemctl enable --now haproxy

Step 2 – Basic /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

global
    log /dev/log local0
    chroot /var/lib/haproxy
    stats socket /run/haproxy/admin.sock mode 660 level admi...

Install Let's Encrypt SSL with Certbot (Apache) on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install

apt update && apt upgrade -y
apt install -y certbot python3-certbot-apache

Step 2 – Obtain and install

certbot --apache -d example.com -d www.example.com

Step 3 – Verify

apachectl configtest && systemctl rel...

Install Let's Encrypt SSL with Certbot (Nginx) on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install Certbot + Nginx plugin

apt update && apt upgrade -y
apt install -y certbot python3-certbot-nginx

Step 2 – Obtain certificate

certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com

Certbot modifies Nginx config and o...

Install MariaDB on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install and secure

apt update && apt upgrade -y
apt install -y mariadb-server
systemctl enable --now mariadb
mysql_secure_installation

Step 2 – Create database and user

CREATE DATABASE appdb CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USE...

Install Memcached on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install

apt install -y memcached libmemcached-tools
systemctl enable --now memcached

Step 2 – Configure (/etc/memcached.conf)

-l 127.0.0.1   # listen on localhost only
-m 256         # memory (MB)
-c 1024        # max connections
-t 4           #...

Install ModSecurity WAF on Apache – Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install

apt install -y libapache2-mod-security2
a2enmod security2
systemctl restart apache2

Step 2 – Enable detection mode

cp /etc/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf-recommended /etc/modsecurity/modsecurity.conf 2>/dev/null || \
   cp /usr/...

Install MySQL on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install and secure

apt update && apt upgrade -y
apt install -y mysql-server
systemctl enable --now mysql
mysql_secure_installation

Step 2 – Connect

mysql -u root -p

Step 3 – Create database and user

CREATE DATABASE appdb CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLAT...

Install Nginx on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Update packages

apt update && apt upgrade -y

Step 2 – Install Nginx

apt install -y nginx

Step 3 – Enable and start

systemctl enable --now nginx

Step 4 – Firewall

ufw allow 'Nginx Full'
ufw reload

Step 5 – Verify

nginx -v
curl -I http://local...

Install Node.js on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install

curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | bash -
apt install -y nodejs

Step 2 – Verify

node --version && npm --version

Step 3 – Simple HTTP server

// app.js
const http = require('http');
http.createServer((req, res) => {
  res.wri...

Install Percona XtraDB Cluster (PXC) on Ubuntu 24.04

PXC provides synchronous multi-master MySQL replication using the Galera library.

Step 1 – Install

wget https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_latest.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb
dpkg -i percona-release_latest.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb...

Install PHP-FPM on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install

apt update && apt upgrade -y
apt install -y php8.3-fpm php8.3-cli php8.3-opcache php8.3-mysql php8.3-mbstring php8.3-xml php8.3-gd
systemctl enable --now php8.3-fpm

Step 2 – Verify

php --version
php-fpm -v 2>/dev/null || php-fpm8.3 -v 2>/dev/n...

Install PostgreSQL on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install

apt update && apt upgrade -y
apt install -y postgresql postgresql-contrib
systemctl enable --now postgresql

Step 2 – Connect as superuser

sudo -u postgres psql

Step 3 – Create database and user

CREATE USER appuser WITH PASSWORD 'StrongP...

Install Prometheus on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install

apt install -y prometheus prometheus-node-exporter

Step 2 – Create user and directories

useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin prometheus 2>/dev/null || useradd -r -s /usr/sbin/nologin prometheus
mkdir -p /etc/prometheus /var/lib/prometheus
chown prom...

Install Redis on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install

apt update && apt upgrade -y
apt install -y redis-server
systemctl enable --now redis-server

Step 2 – Verify

redis-cli ping   # PONG

Step 3 – Bind and password (/etc/redis/redis.conf)

bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
requirepass StrongRedisPass!

Resta...

Install Varnish Cache on Ubuntu 24.04

Step 1 – Install

apt update && apt upgrade -y
apt install -y varnish
systemctl enable --now varnish

Step 2 – Basic /etc/varnish/default.vcl

vcl 4.1;

backend default {
    .host = "127.0.0.1";
    .port = "8080";
    .connect_timeout = 5s;
    .first_by...

Install WordPress on Ubuntu 24.04 (Nginx + PHP-FPM + MySQL)

Prerequisites

• Nginx · PHP-FPM · MySQL

Step 1 – Database

CREATE DATABASE wordpress CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USER 'wpuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'WPStrongPass!';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON word...

Integrate PHP-FPM with Nginx on Ubuntu 24.04

Prerequisites

PHP-FPM installed and running. See PHP-FPM install guide.

Socket path: /run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock

Step 1 – Nginx server block

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    root /var/www/example.com/html;
    index index...

Start by installing nginx

apt install nginx-full

Nginx virtualhost setup

vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/yourowndomain

server {
                server_name     CHANGE_THIS_with_YOUROWNDOMAIN;
                client_max_body_size 50M;

                location / {
                proxy_pass htt...

Start by installing nginx

apt install nginx-full

Nginx virtualhost setup

vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/yourowndomain

server {
                server_name     CHANGE_THIS_with_YOUROWNDOMAIN;
                client_max_body_size 50M;

                location / {
                proxy_pass htt...

MariaDB Backup and Restore on Ubuntu 24.04

mariadb-dump (logical)

mariadb-dump -u root -p appdb > /backups/appdb_$(date +%F).sql
mariadb-dump -u root -p --all-databases --single-transaction > /backups/all_$(date +%F).sql

Restore

mariadb -u root -p appdb < /backups/appdb_2026-05-07.sql

Mari

MariaDB Galera Cluster on Ubuntu 24.04

Nodes: 192.168.1.10 · 192.168.1.11 · 192.168.1.12

Step 1 – Install Galera on all nodes

apt install -y galera-4 mariadb-server

Step 2 – Configure Node 1 (/etc/mysql/conf.d/galera.cnf)

[mysqld]
binlog_format            = ROW
default-storage-engin...

Introduction

In this guide, we will be setting up the latest version of MediaWiki on an Ubuntu server. We will use the lighttpd web server to make the actual content available, php-fpm to handle dynamic processing, and mysql to store our wiki's data.

This guide walks you through installin...